Introduction by Charles C. Moskos xxIII
The Significance of Military Cohesion 1
Measuring Military Power 3
The Human Element 3
Why Soldiers Fight 5
Methodology 6
Purpose 7
Research Plan 7
Characteristics of a Cohesive Army 9
Organizational Characteristics 10
Small Group and Unit Characteristics 11
Leadership Characteristics 11
Assessing Cohesion in Small Units 13
Physical, Security, and Social Needs 13
A Soldier's Perception of Successfully Escaping the Unit 16
Maintenance of Unit Integrity and Stability 18
Motivation and Control 22
Surveillance and Conformity 24
Commonality of Values 26
Comparing Cohesion in the North Vietnamese, US, Soviet, and
Israeli Armies 27
Physical, Security, and Social Requirements 27
The Soldier's Perception of Successfully Escaping the Army 40
Maintenance of Unit Integrity and Stability 45
Motivation and Control 56
Surveillance and Conformity 64
Commonality of Values 70
Measuring Societal Group Effects on Cohesion 75
Potential for Nationalism Indicates Degree of Cohesion 76
Effects of Other Societal Factors 78
Societal Effects on Cohesion in the North Vietnamese, US, Soviet,
and Israeli Armies 81
Potential for Nationalism in Vietnam 81
Potential for Nationalism in the United States 83
Potential for Nationalism in the Soviet Union 86
Potential for Nationalism in Israel 92
Additional Characteristics that Support Cohesion in Vietnam 95
Additional Characteristics that Support Cohesion in the United
States Army 98
Additional Characteristics that Support Cohesion in the Soviet
Army 101
Additional Characteristics that Support Cohesion in the Israeli
Army 104
Leadership in Cohesive Units 107
Characteristics of Leadership in Cohesive Units 108
The Effect of Ideology 110
On Understanding Leadership and Cohesion 110
The Leadership Model 111
Sources of Leader Influence 112
Leadership in the North Vietnamese, US, Soviet, and Israeli
Armies 117
Characteristics of North Vietnamese Leadership 117
Characteristics of US Leadership 127
Characteristics of Soviet Leadership 134
Characteristics of Israeli Leadership 142
Conclusions 151
