[1] This report is based on a compilation by the Centre pour l'Egalité des Chances et la Lutte contre le Racisme/Centrum voor gelijkheid van kansen en voor racismebestijding/Centre for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism (CEOOR).

[2] See http://eumc.eu.int/publications/eurobarometer/EB2001.pdf

[3] Out of the 350,000 Muslims living in Belgium, 125,000 come from Morocco.

[4] Antisemitism Worldwide 2000/1, Belgium, online report. See http://tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/annual-report.html

[5] AP Television News 6 February 2002.

[6] The Guardian online, 19 June 2001.

[7] taz, 27 June 2002; Murray Gordon, The New Anti-Semitism in Western Europe, AJC, online, 12 August 2002, p. 2 (see http://www.ajc.org/InTheMedia/PublicationsPrint.asp?did=618 ).

[8] The European Terrorism Review, July 2002; see also Likud of Holland, Brussels, Telegraph Group online, 4 June 2002.

[9] Lawyers Committee for Humans Rights, Fire and Broken Glass. The Rise of Anti-Semitism in Europe, Strasbourg, May 2002, p. 6 (see http://www.lchr.org/iJP/antisemitism_report.pdf ), citing Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, Jews Suffer Surge of Hate on Streets of Belgium, Daily Telegraph, 30 May 2002.

[10] Anti-Semitic Assault on Rabbi in Belgium, in: Stephen Roth Institute, Anti-Semitism and Racism, update 6 December 2001.

[11] Source: Forum of Jewish Organisations of Antwerp.

[12] Same source.

[13] These are a few of the statements of the press release on 6 June 2002, which can be found on the site of the AEL League.

[14] Joel Kotek, Antisemitic Motifs in Belgian anti-Israel Propaganda, in: Antisemitism Worldwide 2001/2 (see: http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2001-2/kotek.htm ). This accusation seems to vary the age-old prejudice of Jewish ritual murder in which the Jews were accused to slaughter Christian children in order to get their blood for religious purposes.

[15] Ibid.

[16] In addition to the cited countries the survey include also Switzerland.

[17] See http://www.adl.org/PresRele/ASInt_13/4118_13.asp and full text version at http://www.adl.org/Anti_semitism/European_Attitudes.pdf.; http://www.adl.org/anti_semitism/EuropeanAttitudesPoll-10-02.pdf

[18] Haaretz online, 1 February 2002.

[19] For the declaration see the press release presented by the German Federal Interior Ministry, Pressemitteilung des Bundesministeriums des Inneren (Germany), 19 April 2002.

[20] This report is based on the compilation by Naevet for Etnisk Ligenstilling/The Danish Board for Ethnic Equality.

[21] That anti-Semitism is not a central issue in Denmark is shown that besides the Danish Civil Security Service (PET) – as they collect data on “racially motivated” crime in Denmark – information only otherwise comes from Jewish organisations. The following institutions and organisations have been consulted: the Jewish Community (Det Mosaiske Trossamfund) (http://www.mosaiske.dk), which is the official representative of the Jewish community in Denmark; “Maichsike-hadas” (www.machsike-hadas.subnet.dk ) – an Orthodox Jewish Community in Copenhagen; Chabad (http://hjem.get2net.dk/chabad/) - a broad organization promoting Jewish awareness; JIF Hakaoh (http://www.hakoah.dk ) – a Jewish sports club (via Carolineskolen); Carolineskolen (www.carolineskolen.dk) – the main Jewish school located in Copenhagen; Progressive Jewish Forum (http://pjf.5u.com/); the Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies; the Israeli Embassy.

Other sources: daily newspapers and the Internet were used to identify homepages with anti-Semitic content.

[22] Antisemitism Worldwide 2000/1, online, Denmark. (see http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/annual-report.html ).

[23] Murray Gordon, The New Anti-Semitism in Western Europe, American Jewish Committee, online, publications, p.12 (see http://www.ajc.org/InTheMedia/Publications.asp?did=618&pid=1412  ).

[24] See http://www.hasbara.us/ , Report on anti-Jewish incidents.

[25] Information by the Jewish Community.

[26] On 30 October 2002 after a weeklong trial the spokesman of the Danish branch of Hizb-ut-tahrir Fadi Abd al-Latif was sentenced to 60 days probation. He has been brought to trial because of racism having distributed all over Copenhagen in April 2002 pamphlets calling for the murder of Jews wherever they are convicted. Fadi Abd al-Latif accused the Jews being responsible for anti-Muslim feelings in Denmark. The Coordination Forum for Combating Antisemitism (see http://www.antisemitism.org.il/issue.asp?t=The+current&m=12&y=2002&d=3 ).

[27] In September the Danish Prime Minister wrote in a letter to the Simon Wiesenthal Center “a sufficient basis can be established to bring before the courts of justice the question of disbanding the organization [Hizb-ut-tahrir] in accordance with the Danish Constitution”, Simon Wiesenthal Center, Press Information, 25 September 2002 (see Http://wiesenthal.com/social/press/pr_item.cfm?ItemID=6474 ).

[28] Information by the Jewish Community.

[29] The Guardian, 26 April 2002.

[30] Murray Gordon, The New Anti-Semitism in Western Europe, American Jewish Committee, online, publications, p.12 (see http://www.ajc.org/InTheMedia/ Publications.asp?did=618&pid=1412 ); New York Post, 27 August 2002 (see http://www.nypost.com/postopinion/opedcolumnists/55747.htm; see http://www.onwar.com/ubb/Forum3/HTML/001029.html).

[31] New York Post, 27 August 2002 (see http://www.nypost.com/postopinion/opedcolumnists/55747.htm).

[32] Anti-Defamation League, European Attitudes towards Jews, Israel and the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict, 27 June 2002.

[33] This report is based on the compilation by Europäisches Forum für Migrationsstudien (efms)/European Forum for Migration Studies.

[34] Antisemitism Worldwide 2000/1, online, Germany (see http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/annual-report.html ).

[35] German Bundestag, Drucksache 14/8722; Berliner Zeitung, 10 May 2002.

[36] ADL online, Global Anti-Semitism: Selected incidents around the World.

[37] Spiegel online, 16 May 2002.

[38] Allgemeine Jüdische Wochenzeitung, 24 April 2002.

[39] The Coordination Forum for Countering Antisemitism, 3 June 2002 (see http://www.antisemitism.org.il/showArticle.asp?ID=1952 ).

[40] Leaflet for the demonstration (see: http://attac-netzwerk-bush.de/ ). The criticism of this leaflet and of other occasions where Neonazis participated in demonstrations of attac with anti-Semitic slogans (Munich, 20 November 2002) led the network to a public statement (see www.attac.de/archiv/antisemit.php  ; discussion paper of the attac coordination committee on anti-Semitism, racism and nationalism)

[41] Spiegel online, 16 May 2002.

[42] Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 21 May 2002; Spiegel online, 17 May 2002.

[43] www.stern.de, 19 May 2002; Spiegel online, 17 May 2002, 20 May 2002 and 21 May 2002; faz.net, 25 May 2002.

[44] Spiegel online, 4 April 2002.

[45] Der Spiegel, 27 May 2002.

[46] http://www.juden.de/newsarchiv/mai_2002/21_05_02_01.shtml

[47] taz, 23 May 2002.

[48] Die Tageszeitung (taz), 23 May 2002; see also www.n-tv.de, 22 May 2002.

[49] www.sueddeutsche.de, 25 May 2002; BZ, 24 May 2002; Reuters, 23 May 2002.

[50] Financial Times Deutschland, 26 May 2002; ZDF heute-journal, online, 25 May 2002

[51] At the end of September 2002 Karsli took legal proceedings against Paul Spiegel and Michel Friedman because to his opinion they had impute to him “Anti-Semitism of the worst type”, Handelsblatt.com, 27 September 2002.

[52] Frankfurter Rundschau, 6 July 2002.

[53] Süddeutsche Zeitung, 21 October 2002.

[54] Frankfurter Rundschau, 24 May 2002; quoted from the FDP discussion forum.

[55] 23 May 2002.

[56] Frankfurter Rundschau, 24 May 2002.

[57] Die Welt, 24 May 2002.

[58] Der Spiegel 31 May 2002.

[59] Frankfurter Rundschau 31 May 2002; Die Welt 30 May 2002; AP 9 May 2002; Allgemeine Jüdische Wochenzeitung 7 June 2002.

[60] Homepage Hisb-ut-tahrir, 31 March 2002. The Minister of Interior Otto Schily has forbidden the organisation on 15 January 2003 because of its “anti-Jewish and anti-Israeli inflammatory propaganda:” Der Tagesspiegel online, 15 January 2003 (http://www.tagesspiegel.de/), Süddeutsche Zeitung online, 16 January 2003(http://www.sueddeutsche.de/dpa/AP). The German webside “Muslim-Markt” (muslim market) just openly kept distance to Hizb-ut-Tahrir on 17 November 2002 (see http://www.muslim-markt.de/neues/neues.htm; http://f25.parsimony-net/forum63498/messages/10858.htm) ; see also Germany Bans Islamic Group, Washington Post online, 16 January 2003 (see http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A63793-2003Jan16.html ).

[61] Anti-Semitic hate in plain public. Besides Hiz-but-Tahrir many other Islamists agitate against Jews (Antisemitische Hetze in aller Öffentlichkeit. Neben Hiz-but-Tahrir agitieren viele andere Islamisten gegen Juden), Der Tagesspiegel, 31 October 2002, see also ibid., 29 October 2002 (see: http://www.tagesspiegel.de/ ).

[62] Duisburger Institut für Sprach- und Sozialforschung (DISS), (on behalf of the American Jewish Committee), Der Nahost-Konflikt in deutschen Printmedien. Analyse diskursiver Ereignisse seit dem Beginn der Intifada im September 2000, Duisburg May 2002.

[63] Die Zeit, 29 May 2002.

[64] Spiegel online, 30 May 2002; see also Frankfurter Rundschau 1 June 2002.

[65] Die Zeit, 29 May 2002; also: Spiegel online, 30 May 2002.

[66] Medien Tenor, Terror und sonst fast nichts. Die Berichterstattung über Israel in internationalen TV-Medien (9/2000-8/2001), Forschungsbericht Nr. 115, 15 December 2001. A recent report on news in German television (between 1999 and March 2002) comes to the conclusion that one can find only very few cases of openly biassed reporting (Institut für empirische Medienforschung, Nahostberichterstattung in den Hauptnachrichten des deutschen Fernsehens, Köln, November 2002, p.15)

[67] It must be noted however that this is a “projective” question in which the opinions of others is asked about, so that this cannot be evaluated as the attitude of the respondent.

[68] Elmär Brähler/Oskar Niedermayer, Rechtsextreme Einstellungen in Deutschland, Arbeitshefte aus dem Otto-Stammer-Zentrum Nr. 6, Berlin Leipzig 2002.

[69] Der Spiegel, 11 June 2002.

[70] Anti-Defamation League, European Attitudes Towards Jews, Israel and the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict, 27 June 2002.

[71] www.deutscher-koordinierungsrat.de , 12 April 2002.

[72] Frankfurter Rundschau, 14 May 2002.

[73] Die Tageszeitung, 5 June 2002.

[74] Schlag ins Wasser? Deutsche Muslime distanzieren sich von Jürgen Möllemann, Der Spiegel, 10 June 2002.

[75] Süddeutsche Zeitung, 10 June 2002; the Austrian far-right politician Jörg Haider also praised Möllemann’s call for an “emancipation of democrats” in an interview with Berlin Tagesspiegel. But Möllemann rejected his support, see http://germanalert.com/, 27 May 2002.

[76] Spiegel online, 6 June 2002.

[77] Pressedienst des Deutschen Bundestages, 6 June 2002.

[78] Allgemeine Jüdische Wochenzeitung, 22 May 02; AP, 16 May 2002.

[79] Bild, 13 June 2002; Reuters, 13 June 2002.

[80] For the declaration see press release issued by the Bundesministerium des Inneren (Deutschland), 19 April 2002. The Council of Europe adopted these conclusions on his meeting 25/26 April. Meeting of the Council of Europe – Justice, Home Affairs and Civil Protection, Luxembourg, 25 /26 April 2002, “Combating Racism, Antisemitism and Xenophobia” – Council conclusions, 7991/02 (presse 104) (http://ue.eu.int/newsroom).

[81] CSCE Digest, vol. 35, No.15 (see http://www.csce.gov/digest_text.cfm?digest_id=37 )

[82] Homepage CSCE, 4 December 2002 (see http://csce.gov/press_csce.cfm?press_id=277). From Germany the invited experts were Dr. Hanno Loewy from the Fritz-Bauer-Institute, Frankfurt and Dr. Juliane Wetzel, Center for Research on Anti-Semitism, Berlin.

[83] This report is based on the compilation by Equality Authority (EA) /National Consultative Committee on Racism and Interculturalism (NCCRI).

[84] Jewish Policy Research, Anti-Semitism World Report, Ireland, 2001.

[85] Organisations contacted in this regard: the Jewish Representative Council of Ireland, the Chief Rabbi’s Office, the Israeli Embassy, the Ireland-Israel Friendship League, the Garda (Irish police) Racial & Intercultural Office.

[86] Anti-Defamation League, Global Anti-Semitism: Selected Incidents around the World in 2002, www.adl.org/Anti_semitism

[87] This report is based on the compilation by ANTIGONE, the Information Centre for Racism, Ecology, Peace and Non-Violence. Data collection was done via

1. Regional Boards and Central Board of Jewish Communities in Greece. A written request was sent by fax and e-mail to the organisations following the format of the Rapid Response request; however, we received only one written answer from the Central Board representing the regional bodies. Our director also held a personal interview with Mr. Kostandinis, the Chairman of the Central Board, and members of our staff had interviews with members of the Board of the other main Jewish Communities in Corfu (Mr. Sousis), Larissa (Mr. Almelamsi) and Thessaloniki (Mr. Sefiha).

2. Media. The media were both monitored and studied. The monitoring of the media, which is a routine activity of the INFOCENTER, provides us with information to be further investigated. At the same time the content of the media reports is also studied since it constitutes an important attitude-forming instrument.

3. Internet. The Internet was used basically as a source of data - mostly reports from national and international organisations - and also as a source of material pertinent to our inquiry, i.e. anti-Semitic web pages, discussion groups, etc.

The report on Greece by the Greek Helsinki Monitor (GHM) Minority Rights Group on “Antisemitism in Greece. A Current Picture: 2001-2002”, published in November 2002 (see http://www.greekhelsinki.gr/bhr/english/organizations/ghm_mrgg_antisemitism_2002.rtf) gives a detailed overview on the situation of anti-Semitism in Greece today, documenting the period from January 2001 through June 2002 and emphasising that its existence is systematically denied or ignored.

[88] See Prof. Hagen Fleischer, University of Athens, paper to the Round Table Meeting “Manifestations of Anti-Semitism in Europe” Brussels 5 December 2002; see detailed in Greek Helsinki Monitor (GHM) Minority Rights Group on “Antisemitism in Greece. A Current Picture: 2001-2002”, published in November 2002, p.5-9 (see http://www.greekhelsinki.gr/bhr/english/organizations/ghm_mrgg_antisemitism_2002.rtf)

[89] Antisemitism Worldwide 2000/1, online, Greece (see http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/annual-report.html ).

[90] http://groups.yahoo.com/group/balkanhr/message/3900 (Ioannina).

[91] http://www.iospress.gr/mikro2001/mikro20010929.htm  (monstrous lie)

[92] National daily newspaper “Eleftherotypia” on 29 September 2001 and 14 October 2001 (www.iospress.gr and http://www.enet.gr/ ).

[93] Television poll conducted 17-18 October 2001 by KAPA Research among 622 households in the Greater Athens Area for the TV programme “Protagonistes,” aired on 18 October 2001 on NET (2nd channel of State Television).

[94] Greek Helsinki Monitor (GHM) Minority Rights Group on “Antisemitism in Greece. A Current Picture: 2001-2002”, published in November 2002, p. 3, 9-14 (see http://www.greekhelsinki.gr/bhr/english/organizations/ghm_mrgg_antisemitism_2002.rtf)

[95] Greek Helsinki Monitor (GHM) Minority Rights Group on “Antisemitism in Greece. A Current Picture: 2001-2002”, published in November 2002, p. 3 (see http://www.greekhelsinki.gr/bhr/english/organizations/ghm_mrgg_antisemitism_2002.rtf)

[96] Examples of this: ADL Calls on Greek Government to Condemn Anti-Semitism in the Press (see http://www.adl.org)/.

[97] Takis Michas, Many Greeks React Irrationally to the Middle East Tragedy, National Herald, 20 -21 April 2002.

[98] See Anti-Semitism Worldwide 1999/2000 ( http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw99-2000/greece.htm  

[99] See the corresponding homepage.

[100] A lie transforms into anti-Semitic hysteria and reaches Greek Parliament, Eleftherotypia, 29 October 2001 ( http://groups.yahoo.com/group/balkanhr/message/2978  ).

[101] See Many Greeks React Irrationally to the Middle East Tragedy (T. Mihas), The National Herald, 20/21 April 2002 ( http://www.groups.yahoo.com/group/balkanhr/message/3881    ).

[102] Panhellenic Examinations.

[103] Macedonian Press Agency, 30 January 2002 (see http://www.hri.org/news/greek/mpa/2002/02-01-31.mpa.html).

[104] Zionism 1 – Zionism 2 ( http://www.iospress.gr/ios2002/ios20020428a.htm  ).

[105] Government condemns vandalism at Holocaust memorial, Jewish cemetery, AP news 17 April 2002 (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/balkanhr/message/3869):

[106] Greek Helsinki Monitor (GHM) Minority Rights Group on “Antisemitism in Greece. A Current Picture: 2001-2002”, published in November 2002, p. 2 (see http://www.greekhelsinki.gr/bhr/english/organizations/ghm_mrgg_antisemitism_2002.rtf)

[107] Greek Helsinki Monitor, Greek parliament speaker accuses Israel of `genocide`, 31 March 2002.

[108] Michas, ibid.

[109] Panayote Dimitras, 11 July 2002: Wiesenthal Center: Unanswered anti-Semitism in Greece’s mainstream could open the door to violence and poison the environment leading up to Olympic Games.

[110] This report is based on the compilation of the Movimiento por la paz, el desarme y la libertad (MPDL)/Movement for Peace, Disarmament and Liberty. The following information sources were used for this report: mass media; Internet (search oriented on neo-Nazi and racist groups); violence reports; personal interviews; and consultation with several organizations. The compilation of the anti-Semitic attacks of the years 2000/1 is based on the report by Antisemitism Worldwide 2000/01 online, Spain and the Simon Wiesenthal Center, Snider Social Action Institute, Worldwide Anti-Semitic Hate Crimes & Major Hate Incidents, from Jewish New Year 5761 (29 September 2000) - Present (3 November 2000), An Interim Report.

[111] Antisemitism Worldwide 2000/1, online, Spain (see http://tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/annual-report.html).

[112] Antisemitism Worldwide 2000/01 online, General Analysis Overview, p.7 (see http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/annual-report.html).

[113] EUMC Anti-Islamic reactions in the EU after the terrorist acts against the USA, Spain (see http://www.eumc.at/publications/terror-report/collection/Spain.pdf).

[114] Murray Gordon, The New Anti-Semitism in Western Europe, American Jewish Committee, online, publications, p.12 (see http://www.ajc.org/InTheMedia/ Publications.asp?did=618&pid=1412).

[115] Ibid.

[116] Inside Europe: Iberian Notes online, 8 April 2002.

[117] See the corresponding websites.

[118] ADL Survey “European Attitudes Toward Jews, October 2002, http://www.adl.org/anti_semitism/EuropeanAttitudesPoll-10-02.pdf

[119] The MPDL declares that this point is not clear at all: there were no speeches by politicians and other opinion leaders on this subject. From the interviews performed we have extracted: the mass media gives partial information about the Israel-Palestinian conflict; this partial information is riddled with error in its use of concepts like Jew and Israel; and there is a problem with the concept foreigner and Jew, both are treated as if they mean the same meaning.

[120] See the report on Belgium, point 5.

[121] This report is based on the compilation of L’Agence pour le Développement des relations interculturelles (Adri). The sources used to count the acts are the following: all daily print press as well as press agencies; Jewish Communities’ media (Actualité juive, antisémitisme.info, etc.); Jewish groups (CRIF, UEJF), in particular the new structures or initiatives recently set up to counter anti-Semitic acts or for the purpose of victim support (Observatoire du monde juif, help lines such as SOS Vérité - Sécurité or SOS antisémitisme); anti-racist non-profit organisations (LICRA, SOS Racisme, MRAP, FASTI)

[122] World Jewish Congress online, Policy Dispatches, No. 83 (see http://www.wjc.org.il/publication/policy_dispatches/pub_dis83.html).

[123] Annual Report of the Commission Nationale Consultative des Droits de l’Homme (CNCDH) for 2000, released March 2001 (cited Antisemitism Worldwide 2000/1, online, France, (see http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/annual-report.html).

[124] A 242-page report by « Les Antifeujs » which was published in March 2002 documents these incidents, JTA News (http://www.jta.org/page_view_story.asp?intarticleid=011090&intacSee also Les Antifeujs, Actes Hostiles Commis a Paris et Region Parisienne, Septembre 2000-Juin 2002, online (http://www.consistoire.org/incidentsfr.html), “Antifeujs” means “Antijuifs” (Anti-Jews) and refers to the slang used by the youth in underprivileged suburbs which are characterised by strong North African immigration; see also Ligne verte SOS antisémitisme, Antisem.com (http://www.antisem.com/), Actes hostiles commis a paris et region parisienne, Septembre 2000-Janvier 2002; see also Centre Simon Wiesenthal –Europe, Principal anti-Semitic attacks in France, 1 January-12 May 2002 by Dr. Shimon Samuels, Director for International Liaison; see also Centre Simon Wiesenthal – Europe, Antisemitism 2002 in France. “Intifada” Import or Domestic Malaise?, by Dr. Shimon Samuels/Mark Knobel, Paris 2002.

[125] Antisemitism Worldwide 2000/1, online, France (see http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/annual-report.html).

[126] Cited by Centre Simon Wiesenthal, Antisemitism 2002 in France. “Intifada” Import or Domestic Malaise?, by Shimon Samuels/Mark Knobel, Paris 2002, p.3.

[127] In April 2002 French police services registered 119 physical acts and 448 threats with an anti-Semitic character, from then on the incidents diminished stately. Veronique Chemla (for Guysen Israel News), Baisse importante du nombre d’actes antijuifs en France selon le ministère de l’Intérieur, 22 August 2002 (see http://www. antisem.com/chemla_v020820.html.

[128] Lawyers Committee for Humans Rights, Fire and Broken Glass. The Rise of Anti-Semitism in Europe, Strasbourg, May 2002 (see http://www.lchr.org/iJP/antisemitism_report.pdf); see the list of attacks from January to April 2002 in: ADLonline, Global Anti-Semitism: selected Incidents Around the World; detailed list of the incidents from Sept. 2000 to May 2002 in: Antisem.com online “Actes hostiles commis a Paris et Region parisienne”.

[129] Jewish News Worldwide online, list-server: “Anti-Jewish Incidents in France Resumed”, 10 January 2003.

[130] A pamphlet under the title “Le Pen was, is, and will be right” warned about the influence of the Jewish “lobby” in France and Le Pen claimed “We would be wrong to forget the role of the Jewish Masonic International of B’nai B’rith (...) This powerful and hidden minority has chosen to erect invisible barriers inside the French people.” JTA News online, 22 April 2002.

[131] The reports were compiled using two sources: the media and anti-racist and community groups. It is important to note that there is no official source for this very recent period.

[132] Report on Anti-Jewish Incidents and the Struggle Against them,