Letture sul conflitto e le diverse possibili soluzioni
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Meaning of Intractability
Nature of Intractability
Characteristics of Intractable Conflicts
Settlement, Resolution, Management, and Transformation: An Explanation of Terms
Stable Peace
Conflicts and Disputes
Conflict Stages
Latent Conflict Stage
Conflict Emergence Stage
Escalation and Institutionalization Stages
Failed Peacemaking Efforts Stage
Hurting Stalemate Stage
De-escalation Stage
Negotiation Stage
Settlement Stage
Peacebuilding and Reconciliation Stage
Costs and Benefits of Intractable Conflict
Violence
War
Terrorism
War Crimes
Genocide
Interpersonal Conflict and Violence
Refugees
Victimhood
Humiliation
Relationships Damaged / Destroyed
Delay
~ Benefits of Intractable Conflict
Underlying Causes of Intractable Conflict
Factors Shaping the Course of Intractable Conflict
Intolerable Moral Differences
Justice Conflicts
Rights
Human Rights Violations
Unmet Human Needs
High-Stakes Distributional Issues
Rich / Poor Conflicts
Identity Issues
Nationalism
Post-Colonial (Aftermath of Colonization)
Security
~ Complexity
Complex Adaptive Systems
Parties to Intractable Conflict
Disputants (Stakeholders or First Parties)
Leaders and Leadership
Stakeholder Representatives
Within-Party Differences
Intermediary Roles
Formal Intermediaries
Informal Intermediaries
Bridge Builders
Facilitators
Mediators
Arbitrators
Educators
Witnesses
Peacekeepers
Third Siders
Culture and Conflict -- Overview
Culture-Based Negotiation Styles
Cross-Cultural Communication
Communication Tools for Understanding Cultural Differences
Cultural and Worldview Frames
Social Psychological Dimensions of Conflict
Frames / Framing / Reframing
Cultural Frames
Identity Frames
Stereotypes / Characterization Frames
Enemy Images
Process Frames
Competitive and Cooperative Approaches to Conflict
Game Theory
Into-the-Sea Framing
Fact Frames
Worst-Case / Loss-Oriented Frames
Prejudice
Dehumanization
Anger
Fear
Managing Interpersonal Trust and Distrust
Distrust
Guilt and Shame
Sacrifice Trap
Face
Cognitive Dissonance
Interpersonal / Small-Scale Communication
Misunderstandings
Channels of Communication
Cross-Cultural Communication
Communication Tools for Understanding Cultural Differences
In-Depth Communication
Creating Safe Spaces for Communication
Empathic Listening
Dialogue
Narratives and Story-Telling
Escalation-Limiting Language
I-Messages and You-Messages
Establishment of Personal Relationships
Large-Scale Communication
Mass Media
Media Strategies
~ Constituent Communication / Communication Scale-Up
Fact-Finding
Factual Disputes
Technical Facts
Historical Facts
Legal Facts
Land and Property Rights in the Peace Process
Distinguishing Facts from Values
Uncertainty
Obtaining Trustworthy Information
Truth Commissions
Joint Fact-Finding
Neutral Fact-Finding
Oversight / Review Committee
Communicating Facts
Escalation and Related Processes
Escalation
Constructive Escalation
Polarization
Limiting Escalation / De-escalation
Countering Intractability
Humanization
Trust and Trust Building
Trust in Mediation
Confidence-Building Measures
De-escalating Gestures
Rumor Control
~ Cooling Off Periods
Safe Havens
Dealing with Extremists
Humanizing Extremists
Arms Control and Non-Proliferation
Military Force Restructuring
Disarmament
Buffer Zones
Arms Embargo
Mobilization Slowing
Ceasefire
Understanding Power
~ Power Options
Coercive Power
Aggression
Revenge and the Backlash Effect
~ Force Shortcuts
Grievance Procedures
Sanctions
Incentives
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Exchange Power
Integrative Power
Persuasion
~ Power Strategies Mix
Nonviolence
Power Inequities
Empowerment
Coalition Building
Principles of Justice and Fairness
Types of Justice
Restorative Justice
Retributive Justice
Procedural Justice
Distributive Justice
Coexistence
Tolerance
International Law
Legitimacy
Jus ad Bellum
Jus in Bello
Human Rights Protection
Intervention Processes
Peaceful Change Strategies
Conflict Assessment
Facilitation
Negotiation
Negotiation Theory
Win-Win / Win-Lose / Lose-Lose Situations
Positive-Sum / Zero-Sum / Negative-Sum Situations
Compromise
Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA)
Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA)
Ripeness
Negotiation Strategies
Integrative or Interest-Based Bargaining
Distributive Bargaining
Positional Bargaining
Creating and Claiming Value
Culture-Based Negotiation Styles
Mediation
Problem-Solving Mediation
Transformative Mediation
International Mediation and Intractable Conflict
~ Mediation Strategies and Techniques
Convening Processes
Ripeness-Promoting Strategies
Action-Forcing Mechanisms
Reframing
Sequencing Strategies and Tactics
Focusing on Commonalities
Option Identification
Shuttle Diplomacy
Caucus
Reality Testing
Costing
Consensus Building
Policy Dialogue
Problem Solving Workshops
Arbitration
Adjudication
Hybrid Processes
Peace Processes
Preventive Diplomacy and International Violence Prevention
Protective Accompaniment
Peacemaking
~ Diplomacy
Track I Diplomacy
Track II (Citizen) Diplomacy
Track I - Track II Cooperation
Multi-Track Diplomacy
Military Intervention
Peacekeeping
Peacebuilding
Hierarchical Intervention Levels
Elite Leadership
Midlevel Leaders
Grassroots Leaders
Envisioning
Stable Peace
International War Crimes Tribunals
Lustration
Apology and Forgiveness
Trauma Healing
Transformation
The Transformation of Labor-Management Conflicts
Reconciliation
Joint Projects
Democratization
Democracy and Conflict Management
Addressing Underlying Causes of Conflict
~ Role of NGOs
Role of IGOs
Civil Society
Intervention Coordination
Evaluation and Assessment of Interventions
Formative Evaluation
Action Evaluation in Theory and Practice
~ Peace Agreements
~ Substantive Provisions of Peace Agreements
Addressing Injustice
Security Guarantees
Social Structural Change
Reconstruction Programs
Disarmament / Demobilization / Reintegration of Ex-Combatants
Humanitarian Aid and Development Assistance
~ Self-Determination Procedures
Power Sharing
Compensation Programs
~ Procedural Components of Peace Agreements
Designing New Dispute Resolution Systems
Grassroots Process Design
Monitoring of Agreements
~ Indicates Modules Not Yet Posted
Letture
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