Giappone (fonte)

Chronology		Christian Era	Main Events and Activities
Paleolithic		ca.100,000B.C.	Start of human activity on the Japanese archipelago.
		ca.30,000B.C.	Spread of Late Paleolithic Culture.
Jomon		ca.10,000B.C.	First use of pottery on Japanese archipelago.
		ca.7,000B.C.	First production of clay images.
		ca.3,000B.C.	First large Jomon communities.
Yayoi		ca.300B.C.	Establishment of Yayoi Culture in northern Kyushu. Start of rice cultivation.
		57 A.D.	King Na of Wa (Japan) sends tribute to Eastern Han dynasty and is bestowed gift of a gold seal.
		ca.200	First construction of large graves with burial mounds in western Japan.
		239	Queen Himiko of Yamatai in Wa sends emissaries to Wei in China.
Kofun		ca.300	Keyhole-shaped burial mounds are constructed in many parts of western Japan.
		391	Wa sends troops to the Korean peninsula (monument of Haotai Wang). Religious rites begin around this time on Okinoshima off the coast of Kyushu.
		421	King of Wa starts in this year to send tribute to the Southern Court in China (until 478).
		471	Forging of the iron swords later unearthed at the Inariyama Burial Mound in Saitama Prefecture.
Kofun	Asuka	552	Buddhism introduced from Paekche on the Korean peninsula (538 according to one theory).
		600	King of Wa sends emissaries to the Sui Dynasty in China.
		604	Prince Shotoku creates the Seventeen-Article Constitution.
		630	First emissaries sent to the Tang Dynasty.
		645	Taika Reforms.
		663	Japanese troops defeated by troops of Tang and Silla on the Korean peninsula. Defenses of western Japan are strengthened.
		701	Completion of the Taiho Ritsuryo Code. Establishment of a state based on the Ritsuryo laws.
Nara		710	Capital is moved to Heijokyo (Nara).
		724	Construction of Tagajo Castle in Tohoku region (monument of Tagajo) .
		752	Completion of the Great Buddha at Todaiji Temple.
		758	Belongings of Emperor Shomu moved to Todaiji. Construction of Shosoin.
		770	Hyakumanto Darani (Dharani of the Million Towers) is completed.
Heian		794	Transfer of the capital to Heiankyo (Kyoto).
		894	Practice of sending emissaries to China is discontinued.
		995	Fujiwara Michinaga takes hold of power. Flourishing of the Fujiwara family.
		1005	Murasaki Shikibu completes The Tale of Genji.
		1052	Sutra mounds created in great numbers out of beliefs that Mappo (The Age of Decline) has started.
Kamakura		1180	Minamoto Yoritomo establishes his headquarters in Kamakura.
		1192	Yoritomo becomes Seii tai shogun ("Barbarian Conquering General") and establishes the Kamakura shogunate.
		1224	Monk Shinran founds the Jodo Shinshu Sect (Ikko Sect).
		1275	Monk Ippen founds the Ji Sect.
Nanbokucho		1333	Collapse of Kamakura shogunate. Kamakura enveloped in the flames of war.
Muromachi		1338	Ashikaga Takauji becomes Seii tai shogun and founds the Muromachi shogunate.
		1350	Japanese pirates begin raid along China's coastline.
		1401	Ashikaga Yoshimitsu restores relations with Ming China. Ashikaga is recognized by the Ming court as the "King of Japan".
		1422	Sho Hashi unites all of Okinawa and becomes the Ryukyu King.
		1441	Do ikki uprising develops in Kyoto and results in the Tokusei edict. Tea ceremony begins to flourish at this time.
		1467	Onin War (1477). Kyoto is enveloped in flames of war.
		1488	Ikko ikki breaks out in Kaga and assumes control of the entire Kaga Province.
		1531	Asakura Norikage quells the Ikko ikki.
		1536	Date Tanemune enacts the Jinkaishu which established domain. Daimyo in different areas begin at this time to enact their own legal systems.
		1543	Portuguese bring guns to Tanegashima.
		1549	Francis Xavier arrives in Japan to begin missionary activities.
Momoyama		1573	Fall of the Asakura daimyo family in Ichijodani, Echizen Province.
		1590	Toyotomi Hideyoshi unites all of Japan. Start of printing of Christian books in Romanized Japanese.
		1592	Start of the system of Shuinsen or "red seal ships". Hideyoshi sends troops to Korea.
Edo		1603	Tokugawa Ieyasu becomes Seii tai shogun, establishes the Edo shogunate.
		1607	Ieyasu has bronze movable type forged to print the Suruga edition.
		1619	The hishigaki kaisen (lozenge-fenced cargo ships) begin to sail regularly between Edo and Osaka.
		1635	Shogunate forbids Japanese to travel overseas. Start of the sankin kotai system which required daimyo to reside alternate years in Edo. Construction of national roads.
		1639	Entry of Portuguese ships forbidden. Start of sakoku, a period in which Japan was closed off to the outside world.
		1641	Dutch Trading Mission is moved to Dejima in Nagasaki which becomes the only port in Japan where foreign trade is allowed.
		1649	Promulgation of the Keian no ofuregaki, a document outlining the duties and conduct of the farmers.
		1657	Great Edo Fire. Following this, large spaces are created in the city to prevent further fires.
		1669	Ainu rebellion in Ezochi (Hokkaido).
		1671	Kawamura Zuiken opens eastern sea route. Western sea route is opened in following year.
		1688	Start of Genroku Period (to 1703). Development of Edo culture including Kabuki and Bunraku.
		1732	Kyoho Famine. Rice stores broken into as prices on rice soar.
		1778	Russian ships land in Ezochi, request trade.
		1821	Ino Tadataka produces first accurate maps of the Japan's coastline.
		1828	Franz von Siebold, a German physician of the Dutch Trading Mission, is banished from Japan for bringing maps of Japan out of the country.
		1853	Admiral Perry arrives in Uraga and demands that Japan opens its ports.
		1854	Japan concludes friendship treaties with the United States, Britain, Russia, France and the Netherlands. The ports of Hakodate, Shimoda and Nagasaki are opened to foreign trade.
Meiji		1868	Meiji Restoration. Edo's name is changed to Tokyo ("Eastern Capital") .
		1879	The Ryuku Islands become Okinawa Prefecture.
		1889	Promulgation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
		1904	Outbreak of Russo-Japanese War (to 1905).
		1910	Korea becomes a Japanese colony.
Taisho		1915	Japan presents China with a set of 21 demands for expanding its rights in China.
Showa		1927	Start of a financial panic. Government declares moratorium on gold standard.
		1931	The so-called Liutaochu Incident is used as a pretext for the start of military maneuvers in northeast China. Start of invasion of China.
		1941	Start of Pacific War (to 1945).
		1946	Promulgation of the Constitution of Japan. Agrarian reforms.
		1951	Signing of the Treaty of San Francisco.
		1961	Enactment of the Basic Agricultural Law.
		1964	Start of the New Tokaido Railway (Shinkansen). Beginning of free economic system.
		1967	Outbreak of itaiitai sickness in Toyama Prefecture (first case of pollution related diseases due to industrial wastes).
		1983	Opening of National Museum of Japanese History.