Mahatma Gandhi

2nd October 1869	Born at Porbandar, Kathiawad, son of Karamchand (Kaba) and Putlibai Gandhi.
1876	Attended primary school in Rajkot, where his family moved. Betrothed to Kasturbai (called Kasturba in her old age), daughter of Gokuldas Makanji, a merchant.
1881	Entered high school in Rajkot. Alfred High School
1883	Married to Kasturbai.
16th November, 1885	Father died at age of 63.
1887	Passed matriculation examination at Ahmedabad and entered Samaldas College, Bhavnagar, Kathiawad,but found studies difficult and remained only one term.
1888	First of four sons born. Harilal
1891	(Summer) Returned to India after being called to bar. Began practice of law in Bombay and Rajkot.
September 1891	Sails from Bombay for England to study law.
October 1892	Second son Manilal born on October 18th 1892.
April 1893	Sailed for South Africa to take up a case for an Indian firm. Found himself subjected to all kinds of colour and race discrimination. Thrown off the train at Petermaritzburg Station,harassed by coach driver, denied hotel accommodation because of colour and race.
1894	Prepared to return to India after completing law case, but was persuaded by Indian colony to remain in South Africa and do public work and earn a living as a lawyer. Drafted first petition sent by the Indians to a South African legislature.
May 1894	Organised Natal Indian Congress.

1896	Returned to India for six months to bring back his wife and two children to Natal. Published a pamphlet called the Green Book listing the disparities faced by the Asians in South Africa. Distributed it in political circles in India got it published in Indian press.
December 1896	Sailed for South Africa with family. Was mobbed when he disembarked at Durban for what Europeans thought he wrote about South Africa when he was in India.
1899	Organised Indian Ambulance Corps for British in Boer War.
1901	Embarked with family for India, promising to return to South Africa if Indian community there needed his services again.
1901 - 1902	Travelled extensively in India, attended ndian National Congress meeting in Calcutta, and opened law office in Bombay.
1902	Returned to South Africa after urgent request from Indian community.
1903	(Summer) Opened law office in Johannesburg. Third son Ramdas And Fourth Son Devdas Born in South Africa.
1904	Established the weekly journal, Indian Opinion. Organised Phoenix Settlement near Durban, after reading Ruskin's Unto This Last.
March 1906	Organised Indian Ambulance Corps for Zulu Rebellion. Took vow of continence for life.
September 1906	First satyagraha campaign began with meeting in Johannesburg in protest against proposed Asiatic ordinance directed against Indian immigrants in Transvaal.
October 1906	Sailed for England to present Indians' case to Colonial Secretary and started back to South Africa in December.
January 1907	Writes Ethical Religion.
June 1907	Organised satyagraha against compulsory registration of Asians (The Black Act).
January 1908	Stood trial for instigating satyagraha and was sentenced to two months imprisonment in Johannesburg jail (his first imprisonment). Was summoned to consult General Smuts at Pretoria; compromise reached; was released from jail. Gandhi adopts the word Satyagraha in place of Passive Resistance to describe his nonviolence.
February 1908	Attacked and wounded by Indian Pathan, Mir Alam, for reaching settlement with Smuts.
August 1908	After Smuts broke agreement, second satyagraha campaign began with bonfire of registration certificates.
October 1908	Arrested for not having certificate, and sentenced to two months imprisonment in Volksrust jail.
February 1909	Sentenced to three months imprisonment in Volksrust and Pretoria jails.
June 1909	Sailed for England again to present Indians case.
November 1909	Returned to South Africa, writing Hind Swaraj en route.
May 1910	Established Tolstoy Farm near Johannesburg.
1912	Met Gopal Krishna Gokhale who was sent by the British Secretary of Colonies on a fact finding mission to look into the greavances of the Asians in South Africa.

September 1913	Helped campaign against nullification of marriages not concecrated according to Christian rites,with Kasturbai and other women being sentenced for crossing the Transvaal border without permits.
October 1913	Gandhi urges a strike by miners, leads a march into the Transvaal.
November 1913	Third satyagraha campaign begun by leading great march of 2,000 Indian miners from Newcastle across Transvaal border in Natal. Arrested three times in four days (at Palmford, Standerton, and Teakworth) and sentenced at Dundee to nine months imprisonment; tried at Volksrust in second trial and sentenced to three months imprisonment with his European co-workers, Polak and Kallenbach. Imprisoned in Volksrust jail for a few days and then taken to Bloemfontein in Orange Free State.
December 1913	Released unconditionally in expectation of a compromise settlement, C.F. Andrews and W.W. Pearson having been sent by Indians in India to negotiate.
January 1914	Underwent fourteen day's fast for moral lapse of members of Phoenix Settlement. Satyagraha campaign suspended, with pending agreement between Smuts, C.F.Andrews, and Gandhi, and with ultimate passage of Indian Relief Act.
July 1914	Left South Africa forever, sailing from Capetown for London with Kasturbai and Kallenbach, arriving just at beginning of World War I. Organised Indian Ambulance Corps in England, but was obliged to sail for India because of pleurisy.
1915	Secured removal of customs harassment of passengers at Viramgam; first incipient satyagraha campaign in India.
May 1915	Established Satyagraha Ashram at Kochrab, near Ahmedabad, and soon admitted an untouchable family; in 1917 moved ashram to new site on Sabarmati River.
February 1916	Gave speech at opening of Hindu University at Benares.
1917	Helped secure removal of recruiting of South African indenture workers in India. Led successful satyagraha campaign for rights of peasants on indigo plantations in Champaran. Defied order to leave area in April, was arrest at Motihari and tried, but case was withdrawn. Mahadev Desai joined him at Champaran.
February 1918	Led strike of millworkers at Ahmedabad. Millowner agreed to arbitration after his three-day fast (his first fast in India).
March 1918	Led satyagraha campaign for peasants in Kheda. Attended Viceroy's War Conference at Delhi and agreed that Indians should be recruited for World War I. Began recruiting campaign, but was taken ill and came near death; agreed to drink goat's milk and learned spinning during convalescence. Khadi became the most potent weapon in the fight for independence.
1919	Rowlatt Bill (perpetuating withdrawal of civil liberties for seditious crimes) passed, and first all-India satyagraha campaign conceived.
March 1919	Organised nation-wide hartal - suspension of activity for a day - against Rowlatt Bill. Jaliyan wala Baug. Troops fire on unarmed crowd killing over 400 people, at peaceful celebration of spring festival in Amritsar, Punjab. Gandhi declares a three-day penitential fast and suspends Satyagraha. Arrested at Kosi near Delhi on way to Punjab and escorted back to Bombay,but never tried. Fasted at Sabarmati for three days in penitence for violence and suspended satyagraha campaign, which he called a Himalayan miscalculation because people were not disciplined enough. Assumed editorship of English weekly, Young India, and Gujarati weekly, Navajivan.
October 1919	After five month's refusal, authorities allowed him to visit scene of April disorders in Punjab. Worked closely with Motilal Nehru. Conducted extensive inquiry into violence in many Punjab villages.
November 1919	Presides over all India Khilafat Conference at Delhi.
April 1920	Elected president of All-India Home Rule League.
June 1920	Successfully urged resolution for a satyagraha campaign of non- cooperation at Moslem Conference at Allahabad and at Congress sessions at Calcutta (Sept.) and Nagpur (Dec.)
August 1920	Second all-India satyagraha campaign began when he gave up Kaisar-i-Hind medal.
1921	Presided at opening of first shop selling homespun (khadi) in Bombay.
August 1921	Presided at bonfire of foreign cloth in Bombay.
September 1921	Gave up wearing shirt and cap and resolved to wear only a loin- cloth in devotion to homespun cotton and simplicity.
November 1921	Fasted at Bombay for five days because of communal rioting following visit of Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII and Duke of Windsor).
December 1921	Mass civil disobedience,with thousands in jail. Gandhi invested with sole executive authority on behalf of Congress.
1922	Suspended mass disobedience because of violence at Chauri Chaura and undertook five-day fast of penance at Bardoli.
February 1922	Arrested at Sabarmati in charge of sedition for writings in in Young India.
March 1922	Pleaded guilty in famous statement at the great trial in Ahmedabad before Judge Broomfield. Sentenced to six year's imprisonment in Yeravda jail.
1923	Wrote Satyagraha in South Africa and part of his autobiography in prison.

January 1924	Was operated on for appendicitis and unconditionally released from prison in February.
September 1924	Began 21-day great fast at Mohammed Ali's home near Delhi as penance for communal rioting (between Hindus and Muslims), especially at Kohat.
December 1924	Presided over Congress session at Belgaum as president.
November 1925	Fasted at Sabarmati for seven days because of misbehaviour of members of ashram.
December 1925	Announced one-year political silence and immobility at Congress session at Cawnpore.
1927	No-tax satyagraha campaign launched at Bardoli, led by Sadar Patel.
December 1928	Moved compromise resolution at Congress session at Calcutta, calling for complete independence within one year, or else the beginning of another all-Indian satyagraha campaign.
March 1929	Arrested for burning foreign cloth in Calcutta and fined one rupee.
December 1929	Congress session at Lahore declared complete independence and a boycott of the legislature and fixed January 26 as National Independence Day. Third all-Indian satyagraha campaign began.
12th March 1930	Set out from Sabamarti with 79 volunteers on historic salt march 200 miles to sea at Dandi.
6th April 1930	Broke salt law by picking salt up at seashore as whole world watched.
May 1930	Arrested by armed policemen at Karadi and imprisoned in Yeravda jail without trial.
January 1931	Released unconditionally with 30 other Congress leaders.
March 1931	Gandhi-Irwin (Viceroy) Pact signed, which ended civil disobedience.
August 1931	Sailed from Bombay accompanied by Mahadev Desai, Naidu, Mirabehen, Pandit Madan Mohan Malavia etc., for the second Round Table Conference, arriving in London via Marseilles, where he was met by C.F. Andrews. Autumn. Resided at Kingsley Hall in London slums, broadcast to America,visited universities, met celebrities, and attended Round Table Conference sessions.
December 1931	Left England for Switzerland,where he met Romain Rolland, and Italy, where he met Mussolini. Arrived in India. Was authorised by Congress to renew satyagraha campaign (fourth nation-wide effort).
January 1932	Arrested in Bombay with Sardar Patel and detained without trial at Yeravda prison.
20th September 1932	Began perpetual fast unto death while in prison in protest of British action giving separate electorates to untouchables.
26th September 1932	Concluded epic fast with historic cell scene in presence of Tagore after British accepted Yeravda Pact.
December 1932	Joined fast initiated by another prisoner, Appasaheb Patwardhan, against untouchability; but fast ended in two days.
1933	Began weekly publication of Harijan in place of Young India.
8th May 1933	Began self-purification fast of 21 days against untouchability and was released from prison by government on first day. Fast concluded after 21 days at Poona.
July 1933	Disbanded Sabarmati ashram, which became centre for removal of Untouchability.
August 1933	Arrested and imprisoned at Yeravda for four days with 34 members of his ashram. When he refused to leave Yeravda village for Poona, he was sentenced to one year's imprisonment at Yeravda.
16th August 1933	Began fast against refusal of government to grant him permission to work against untouchability while in prison, on fifth day of fast he was removed to Sassoon Hospital, his health was precarious, he was unconditionally released on eighth day.
November 1933	Began ten-month tour of every province in India to help end untouchability. Kasturba arrested and imprisoned for sixth time in two years.
1934	(Summer) Three separate attempts made on his life.
July 1934	Fasted at Wardha ashram for seven days in penance against intolerance of opponents of the movement against untouchability.
October 1934	Launched All-India Village Industries Association.
1935	Health declined; moved to Bombay to recover.

1936	Visited Seagon, a village near Wardha in the Central Provinces, and decided to settle there.. (This was renamed Sevagram in 1940 and eventually became an ashram for his disciples.)
January 1937	Visited Travancore for removal of untouchability.
1938	Autumn. Tour of Northwest Frontier Province with the Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.
March 1939	Began fast unto death as part of satyagraha campaign in Rajkot; fast ended four days later when Viceroy appointed as arbitrator.
October 1940	Launched limited,individual civil-disobedience campaign against Britain's refusal to allow Indians to express their opinions regarding World War II - 23,000 persons imprisoned within a year.
1942	Harijan resumed publication after being suspended for 15 months.
May 1942	Met Sir Stafford Cripps in New Delhi but called his proposals a post-dated cheque; they were ultimately rejected by Congress.
August 1942	Congress passed Quit India resolution - the final nation-wide satyagraha campaign - with Gandhi as leader. Arrested with other Congress leaders and Kasturba and imprisoned in Aga Khan Palace near Poona, with populace revolting in many parts of India. He began correspondence with Viceroy. Mahadev Desai, Gandhi's secretary and intimate, died in Palace.
10th February 1943	Began 21-day fast at Aga Khan Palace to end deadlock of negotiations between Viceroy and Indian leaders.
22nd February 1944	Kasturba died in detention at Aga Khan Palace at age of seventy- four.
6th May 1944	After decline in health, was released unconditionally from detention (this was his last imprisonment; he had spent 2338 days in jail during his life time).
September 1944	Important talks with Jinnah of Moslem League in Bombay on Hindu-Moslem unity.
March 1946	Conferred with British Cabinet Mission in New Delhi.
November 1946	Began four-month tour of 49 villages in East Bengal to quell communal rioting over Muslim representation in provisional government.
March 1947	Began tour of Bihar to lessen Hindu-Moslem tensions. Began conferences in New Delhi with Viceroy (Lord Mountbatten) and Jinnah.
May 1947	Opposed Congress decision to accept division of country into India and Pakistan.
15th August 1947	Fasted and prayed to combat riots in Calcutta as India was partitioned and granted independence.
September 1947	Fasted for three days to stop communal violence in Calcutta. Visited Delhi and environs to stop rioting and to visit camps of refugees (Hindus and Sikhs from the Punjab).
13th January 1948	Fasted for five days in Delhi for communal unity.
20th January 1948	Bomb exploded in midst of his prayer meeting at Birla House, Delhi.
30th January 1948	Assassinated at 5.13 p.m. in 78th year of life at Birla House by Nathuram Vinayak Godse. Shot thrice in the chest from point blank range. Died with the name of Lord Rama on his Lips He` Ram.
31st January 1948	Creamated on the Banks of the River Yamuna.
February 1948	Ashes Immersed in the Holy Triveni Sangam at Allahabad.