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Earliest
evidence of human culture in Mesopotamia |
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Hassunah
period: earliest pottery making culture |
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Halaf
period: pottery culture with knowledge of metal |
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Ubaid
period: first well-known culture from southern Mesopotamia; the
Ubaids give the first evidence of temple and other sophisticated
architecture |
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Warka
period: first civilization after the Ubaid in southern Mesopotamia;
the Warka period marks the beginning of the Protoliterate period
in Mesopotamia |
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Gawra
and Ninevite periods |
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Pre-dynastic
Sumerians |
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First
Sumerian dynasty
of Ur |
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Sargon
I begins the Akkadian rule in
Mesopotamia |
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Third
Sumerian dynasty
of Ur |
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Old Babylonian
period |
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Hammurabi,
author of the first known Code of Laws |
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Staggered
periods of Hittite hegemony
over Mesopotamia |
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Periods
of Kassite dominance
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Assyrian period
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Reign
of Sennacherib, whose conquest of Judah
resulted in the first deportations of the Hebrews |
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Reign
of Ashurbanipal, the most energetic of the Assyrian conquerors |
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Fall
of Nineveh |
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Neo-Babylonian
Period |
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Zarathustra,
the founder of Persian
Zoroastrianism |
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Reign
of Nebuchadnezzar; his conquest of Judah and subsequent deportation
of some Hebrew peoples mark the beginning of the Hebrew
Exile |
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Fall
of Babylon and the beginning of Persian dominance in Mesopotamia
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Conquest
of Lydia and the Greek cities of Asia Minor by Cyrus |
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Reign
of Darius I; the Persian empire at its fullest extent, from Macedon
to Egypt, Palestine to India |
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Rebellion
of Greek cities against Persian rule |
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Darius
I invades Greece on a punitive expedition against Athens; known
in Greek history as Persian Wars
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Invasion
of Greece by Xerxes |
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Defeat
of Persian armies by the Greeks |
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Beginnings
of Mithraism
in Zoroastrianism |
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Conquest
of Persia by Alexander the Great
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Alexander
enters Babylon; final fall of the Persians and Mesopotamian dominance
over the region; beginning of Hellenistic period |
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Founding
of Manicheism, an offshoot of Mithraism and Zoroastrianism, by Mani,
a priest of Ecbatana |