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The Defense Science Board (DSB) Task Force on
the Creation and Dissemination of All Forms of Information in
Support of Psychological Operations (PSYOP) in Time of Military
Conflict was charged with reviewing PSYOP activities within
the Department of Defense (DoD). The purpose of the review was
to:
assess the capability of the United States Armed Forces
to develop programming and to broadcast factual information
to a large segment of the general public;
assess the potential of various airborne and land-based
mechanisms to deliver such information; and
assess other issues in the creation and dissemination
of all forms of information in times of conflict, including
satellite broadcasts and the use of emerging mobile
communication technologies.
Military PSYOP offers a potentially unique and powerful asset
in military operations, both in peacetime and in war. However,
the creation of PSYOP products that meet mission needs is often
hampered by outdated equipment and organizational issues. Given
the broad array of complex missions conducted by U.S. military
forces, understanding the culture and preparation of the soft
battlespace is imperative to the conduct of successful operations.
A robust and flexible PSYOP capability can be an invaluable
tool in these efforts.
The Task Forces Terms of Reference (TOR) asked that the
study examine the issue of creating and disseminating information
in times of military conflict. (The full TOR is shown in Appendix
A, while the Task Force membership and the individuals, both
inside and outside DoD, who met with members of the Task Force
are presented in Appendix B and Appendix C, respectively.) The
Task Force and its TOR were motivated by Congressional language
in Public Law 106-65, Section 1061 of the National Defense Authorization
Act for Fiscal Year 2000, shown in Appendix D, which requested
that the Secretary of Defense establish a Task Force to examine
(1) the use of radio and television broadcasting as a propaganda
instrument in times of military conflict and (2) the adequacy
of the capabilities of the U.S. Armed Forces to make such uses
of radio and television during conflicts such as the one in
the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the Spring of 1999.
After initial discussions and briefings, the Task Force broadened
the focus of the study to cover the nature of PSYOP as a whole,
including organizational issues, PSYOP as part of an overall
Information Operations (IO) campaign, and the increase in media
opportunities. From the outset, the Task Force concluded that
the dissemination of information via television (TV) and radio
must be viewed as part of a comprehensive PSYOP campaign covering
strategic, operational, and tactical military operations. This
report begins with a vision of future PSYOP capabilities as
part of an integrated overall information campaign and an overview
of how PSYOP activities are conducted today.
List of Figures and Tables...............................................................................
ii
Executive Summary.................................................
CHAPTER 1, Introduction..............................................................................
6
CHAPTER 2, Organizational Issues.................... 15
CHAPTER 3, Reaching the Target Audience.....................
23
CHAPTER 4, Future Trends in Media Creation and Dissemination....
29
CHAPTER 5, FM and TV Broadcast from Aircraft ......... 46
CHAPTER 6, Recommendations........................................................
52
Appendix A, Terms of Reference .................................................................
55
Appendix B, Task Force Membership .........................................................
57
Appendix C, Briefers ......................................................................................
58
Appendix D, Congressional Language .................. 59
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