Report of the
Defense Science Board Task Force on
The Creation and Dissemination of All Forms of Information in Support of Psychological Operations (PSYOP)
in Time of Military Conflict

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The Defense Science Board (DSB) Task Force on the Creation and Dissemination of All Forms of Information in Support of Psychological Operations (PSYOP) in Time of Military Conflict was charged with reviewing PSYOP activities within the Department of Defense (DoD). The purpose of the review was to:
• assess the capability of the United States Armed Forces to develop programming and to broadcast factual information to a large segment of the general public;
• assess the potential of various airborne and land-based mechanisms to deliver such information; and
• assess other issues in the creation and dissemination of all forms of information in times of conflict, including satellite broadcasts and the use of emerging mobile
communication technologies.
Military PSYOP offers a potentially unique and powerful asset in military operations, both in peacetime and in war. However, the creation of PSYOP products that meet mission needs is often hampered by outdated equipment and organizational issues. Given the broad array of complex missions conducted by U.S. military forces, understanding the culture and preparation of the “soft” battlespace is imperative to the conduct of successful operations. A robust and flexible PSYOP capability can be an invaluable tool in these efforts.
The Task Force’s Terms of Reference (TOR) asked that the study examine the issue of creating and disseminating information in times of military conflict. (The full TOR is shown in Appendix A, while the Task Force membership and the individuals, both inside and outside DoD, who met with members of the Task Force are presented in Appendix B and Appendix C, respectively.) The Task Force and its TOR were motivated by Congressional language in Public Law 106-65, Section 1061 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, shown in Appendix D, which requested that the Secretary of Defense establish a Task Force to examine (1) the use of radio and television broadcasting as a propaganda instrument in times of military conflict and (2) the adequacy of the capabilities of the U.S. Armed Forces to make such uses of radio and television during conflicts such as the one in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the Spring of 1999.
After initial discussions and briefings, the Task Force broadened the focus of the study to cover the nature of PSYOP as a whole, including organizational issues, PSYOP as part of an overall Information Operations (IO) campaign, and the increase in media opportunities. From the outset, the Task Force concluded that the dissemination of information via television (TV) and radio must be viewed as part of a comprehensive PSYOP campaign covering strategic, operational, and tactical military operations. This report begins with a vision of future PSYOP capabilities as part of an integrated overall information campaign and an overview of how PSYOP activities are conducted today.

List of Figures and Tables............................................................................... ii
Executive Summary.................................................
CHAPTER 1, Introduction.............................................................................. 6
CHAPTER 2, Organizational Issues.................... 15
CHAPTER 3, Reaching the Target Audience..................... 23
CHAPTER 4, Future Trends in Media Creation and Dissemination.... 29
CHAPTER 5, FM and TV Broadcast from Aircraft ......... 46
CHAPTER 6, Recommendations........................................................ 52

Appendix A, Terms of Reference ................................................................. 55
Appendix B, Task Force Membership ......................................................... 57
Appendix C, Briefers ...................................................................................... 58
Appendix D, Congressional Language .................. 59

 

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