| Tecniche di Formazione | |
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| Teaching Methods | Ways of presenting instructional materials or conducting instructional activities (note: use a more specific term if possible -- for the instructional process in general, see "instruction" -- for the individual teacher's manner of teaching, see "teaching styles") (ERIC) |
| Brainstorming | Activity or technique to encourage the creative generation of ideas -- usually a group process, in which group members contribute suggestions in a spontaneous, noncritical manner. (ERIC) |
| Computer assisted instruction | Interactive instructional technique in which a computer is used to present instructional material, monitor learning, and select additional instructional material in accordance with individual learner needs. (ERIC) |
| Computer simulations | Computer based representation of real situations or systems. (ERIC) |
| Contingency management | Systematic arrangement of reinforcing events in order to strengthen or weaken specific behavior. (ERIC) |
| Cooperative learning | Learning situation in which students work together in small groups and receive rewards or recognition based on their group's performance. (ERIC) |
| Demonstrations | Teaching method in which explanations are given by example or experiment. (ERIC) |
| Dialog journals | Logs or notebooks used by more than one person for exchanging experiences, ideas, or reflections -- used most often in education as a means of sustained writing interaction between students and teachers at all educational levels and in second language and other types of instruction. (ERIC) |
| Discovery learning | Learning situation in which the principal content of what is to be learned is not given but must be independently discovered by the learner. (ERIC) |
| Discussions | Oral, and sometimes written, exchange of opinions - usually to analyze, clarify, or reach conclusions about issues, questions, or problems. (ERIC) |
| Experiential learning | Learning by doing -- includes knowledge and skills acquired outside of book\lecture learning situations through work, play, and other life experiences (note: do not confuse with "learning experience"). (ERIC) |
| Guided design | Reasoning-centered instructional method developed by charles e. wales and robert a. stager that uses small-group techniques and a prepared outline of decision making steps to guide students through the process of resolving open-ended problems. (ERIC) |
| Hands-on learning | Learning by doing - includes knowledge and skills acquired outside of book/lecture learning situations through work, play, and other life experiences. (ERIC) |
| Interdisciplinary | Participation or cooperation of two or more disciplines. (ERIC) |
| Learning modules | Packets of subject-related teaching materials containing objectives, directions for use, and test items. (ERIC) |
| Lecture | Teaching method in which information is presented orally to a class with a minimal amount of class participation. (ERIC) |
| Montessori Method | Child-centered approach to teaching, developed by Maria Montessori and most often used in the early childhood years, that features a wide range of graded, self-motivational techniques and materials specially designed to provide sensorimotor pathways to higher learning. (ERIC) |
| Multiple activities | - |
| Multimedia instruction | The integration of more than one medium in a presentation or module of instruction. (ERIC) |
| Museum education | (1)Those changes brought about in the individual through ideas suggested or communicated by museum materials and their arrangement. (2)The formal or informal educational program carried on by museums.(DOE3) |
| Peer Tutoring | Instruction provided by a learner, or small group of learners, by direct interaction with a peer with appropriate traing or experience. (ERIC) |
| Programmed instruction | Instruction in which learners progress at their own rate using workbooks, textbooks, or electromechanical devices that provide information in discrete steps, test learning at each step, and provide immediate feedback about achievement. (ERIC) |
| Questioning techniques | Methods used for constructing and presenting questions in order to promote effective discussions and learning or to elicit information. (ERIC) |
| Role playing | The deliberate acting out of a role (possibly a role that one would not normally occupy), as part of group therapy or of a learning session directed towards understanding that role or the situations with which this occupants have to cope. |
| Self directed groups | Groups with a passive leader or without a specified leader in which all members mutually agree on group goals and procedures. (ERIC) |
| Self-paced learning modules | Refering to materials, learning, courses, etc where the student is free to learn at his own pace. That is, the speed of presentation of learning materials is not decided by a teacher, a machine, or other sudents in a group, eg. as in independent learning. (DOE) |
| Simulations and games | The use of role playing by the actors during the operation of a comparatively complex symbolic model of an actual of hypothetical social process; usually includes gaming and may be all-man, man-computer, or all-computer operations. (DOE3) |
| Teaching guides | Manuals containing presentation methods for, and further information on, a topic -- usually for use with a specific text. (ERIC) |
| Team teaching | An arrangement whereby a group of teachers co-operate so that their classes have contact with more than one of those teachers during a given learning session or period. (DOE) |
| Thematic approach | Teaching approach that organizes subject matter around unifying themes. (ERIC) |
| Tutorial programs | Programs, established by educational institutions, to tutor selected students. (note: prior to mar80, this term was not scoped and was occasionally used for programs to train tutors.(ERIC) |
| Visual instruction | Instruction with a great variety of illustrative materials such as visual slides, films, models, and specimens may be utilized as aids in pupil understanding or appreciation; not to be confused by sight saving. (DOE3) |
| Whole language approach | Method of integrating language arts "across the curriculum" that uses the real literature of various age groups and subject fields to promote literacy (i.e., reading, writing, speaking, listening, as well as thinking, skills). (ERIC) |
| Grouping | - |
| Cross age teaching | Utilization of older students from higher grade levels to provide increased help and attention for younger students at lower grade levels. (ERIC) |
| Heterogeneous grouping | Organization or classification of students
according to specified criteria for the purpose of forming instructional
groups with a high degree of dissimilarity. (ERIC) |
| Homogeneous grouping | Organization or classification of students according to specified criteria for the purpose of forming instructional groups with a high degree of similarity. (ERIC) |
| Individualized instruction | Adapting instruction to individual needs within the group. (note: do not confuse with "independent study" or "individual instruction") (ERIC) |
| Large Group instruction | Teaching of students in large classroom situations. (note: do not confuse with "mass instruction") (ERIC) |
| Non-graded instructional grouping | Grouping students according to such characteristics as academic achievement, mental and physical ability, or emotional development rather than by age or grade level. (ERIC) |
| Small group instruction | Form of teaching possible in higher education (and sixth forms) where the student to staff ratio is relatively low, and allowing for intensive interaction among small group of participants. (DOE) |
| Assessment | - |
| Curriculum based assessment | Direct and frequent measurement of student
performance on the classroom curriculum in order to ascertain student
instructional needs -- used principally for instructional decision
making, the approach also supports screening, placement, and monitoring in special education. (note: see also the identifier "curriculum related testing") (ERIC) |
| Informal assessment | Appraisal of an individual's or group's status or growth by means other than standardized instruments. (ERIC) |
| Observation | Directed or intentional examination of persons, situations, or things to obtain information -- includes the quantified values by which observed facts are represented. (ERIC) |
| Peer evaluation | Evaluation by one's peers. (ERIC) |
| Portfolio assessment | Systematic collection of a student's work samples, records of observation, test results, etc., over a period of time for the purpose of evaluating student growth and achievement -- used occasionally with populations other than students. (note: prior to dec94, "portfolios (background materials)" was used, usually with "student evaluation," to index this concept) (ERIC) |
| Self evaluation | Assessment of an institution, organization, program, etc., by its members or sponsors. (note: prior to mar80, the instruction "institutional self study, use institutional research" was carried in the thesaurus -- this concept was also sometimes indexed under "self evaluation") (ERIC) |
| Standardized testing | Tests for which content has been selected and checked empirically, norms have been established, uniform methods of administering have been developed, and which may be scored with a relatively high degree of objectivity. (ERIC) |
| Testing | Gathering and processing information about individuals' ability, skill, understanding, or knowledge under controlled conditions. (note: see also "evaluation" and "measurement") (ERIC) |
