A TimeLine of psychological ideas
  by Marcos Emanoel Pereira / Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil (Fonte)
Conventions:
The events that happened in Brazil are written  in this color
The events that happened in Europe are written in this color  
The events that happened in America are written in this color 
The events that happened in Asia are written in this color   
The events that happened in Africa are written in this color 
The events that happened in Australia are written in this color
-600  -500  -400   -300  100 400  1000  1200 1300  1400  1500 1600  1700  1800 1900  1950
NOTA:
molti dei link di questa pagina non funzionano, ma le informazioni di seguito costituiscono un importante riferimento per ricerche e dati cronologici.

Year 600 before our era to 1899

600 years before our time
The cosmogonic hypotheses of Greek mathematician and
philosopher Thales of Miletus
500 years before our time
- 580
The Greek philosopher Anaximander organizes a world map
 

- 550
Pythagoras of Samos  enunciates his famous theorem
 

- 500 to -428
Life of Greek philosopher Anaxagoras

400 years before ours time
-474
Parmenides of Elea writes On Nature

-460 a -370
Life of Greek philosopher Democritus
 

-427 a -348
Life of Greek philosopher Plato

300 years before ours time

-399
Socrates dies
 

-384 a -322
Life of Greek  philosopher Aristotle
 

-367
Plato founds the Academy
 

-360
Plato writes Timaeus
 

-350
Aristotle writes The Anima

Aristotle writes On memory and reminiscence
 

-347
Plato dies
 

-335
Aristotle founds the Lyceum

100

400
 

1000
1200
1264
  Thomas Aquinas publishes SummaTheologica
 

1253
Robert Grosseteste dies
 

1294
Roger Bacon dies

1300
1400

1500
1506
The Croatian humanist Marco Marulic employs the term psichiologia
 

1508
Dutch humanist Erasmus publishes the The Praise of Folly
 

1513
Italian humanist Nicolau Maquiavel  publishes The Prince
 

1516
English writer Thomas Morus   publishes The Utopia
 

1524
Marco Marulik publishes The Psychology of Human Thought volume 1
 

1540
Phillip Melanchton publishes Commentary about the Soul
 

1543
Belgian physiologist  Vesalius practices the dissection of cadavers
 

1557
Alonso de la Veracruz publishes in Mexico the book  Physica Speculatio
 

1566
Bernardino Alvarez establishes in Mexico the Hospital de San Hipolito,the first
in the Americas dedicated to serving patients with psychological problems
 

1575
Johannes Thomas Freigius uses the term psychologia in the book Catalogue
of Common Places
 

1579
Johannes Thomas Freigius re-utilizes the term psychologia in the latin book
Quaestiones Physicae
 

1586
Giovanni Battista della Porta publishes a body morphology book De Humana
Physiognomonia
 

1588
The french theologist Noel Taillepied use the French word psichologie in the
book Psychology. The book is about the realities of spirits, knoledge of erring
souls, phantoms, miracles and  strange happenings, which at times precede the
death of important personalities, or announces that affairs of state are falling
apart.
 

1590
Rudolphus Goclenius writes a treatise under the title Psychology
 

1594
Otto Cassman, a student of Glocenius, writes Psychologia Anthropologica, or
Animae Humanae Doctrina

1600
1605
Francis Bacon publishes The Proficiency and Advancement of Learning
 

1616
English physiologist William Harvey explains the blood's circulation
 

1624
Pierre Gassendi publishes Paradoxes Against the Aristotelian
 

1632
Galilei Galileo publishes Dialogue on the Two Great Systems of the
World
 

1635
E. Neuhaus, a student of Cassman, publishes a book that summarizes the
reason for studying psychology
 

1637
French philosopher Renê Descartes publishes Discourse on Method
 

1649
René Descartes postulates the total separation of body and soul in the
book Passions of the Soul
 

1651
Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan
 

1677
Benedict de Spinoza dies
 

1690
English philosopher John Locke publishes An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
 

1692
Christian Thomasius publishes in Germany  the book Further Elucidation by Different
Examples of the recent Proposals for a New Science for Discerning the Nature of
Other Men’s Mind

1700
1709
George Berkeley publishes An Essay Toward a New Theory of Vision
 

1732
Christian von Wolff publishes a treatise of empirical psychology
 

1734
Christian von Wolff publishes a treatise of rational psychology
 

1745
Julien Offray de La Mettrie  publishes The Natural History of the Soul
 

1748
David Hume publishes An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding

Julien Offray de La Mettrie publishes L'Homme Machine
 

1751
Robert Whytt, in the book, On the Vital and Other Involuntary Motions
of Animals summarizes the physiology of reflex
 

1752
Mathias Ayres Ramos da Silva de Eça publishes Reflections on the the
men's vanity or Moral speeches on the effects of the
vanity
 

1754
E. Condillac, in his Treatise on Sensation, maintained that sensations are
the only source of knowledge

The Swiss scientist and philosopher Charles Bonnet publishes Essay
about Psychology
 

1764
After publishing Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of
Common Sense, Thomas Reid accepted the Chair of Moral Philosophy
at Glasgow
 

1765
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz  publishes New Essays on the Human
Understanding
 

1768
The Scottish physiologist Robert Whytt uses the expression motion
from a stimulus
 

1771
Johann August Unzer uses the term reflex to distinguish this kind of
action from that carried out volitionally
 

1774
Franz Mesmer performed his first supposed cure using "animal
magnetism"
 

1775
The Swiss minister Johann Caspar Lavater  publishes Essays on the
Physiognomony Designated to promote the knowledge and Love of Mankind
 

1777
A Scottish physician, William Cullen, publishes First Line in the practice
of Physic in which he uses the term neurosis to define mental illness
 

1782
German philosopher Immanuel Kant publishes The Critic of the Pure Reason
 

1785
Thomas Reid publishes Essay in the Intellectual Powers of Man

Johann Jakob Emgel distinguishes the expressive and representational
behavior of the actor in the book Ideas for a Mimic
 

1786
Established in Ecuador the Hospital San Lazaro

Luigi Galvani reports the results of experiments on the stimulation of the
muscles of the frog by application of an electric pulse
 

1788
Thomas Reid publishes Essay on the Active Powers of the Human Mind
 

1789
Thomas Malthus publishes Essays on the progress of the population


Jerome Bentham publishes Principles of Morals and Legislation


1790
Erasmus Darwin  produces a theory of human behavior and experience in
 terms of three fundamental categories: stimulation, muscular contraction and
a central sensory power
 

1794
French philosopher Denis Diderot  publishes Essays on the Progress of
the Human Spirit

Francisco de Mello Franco publishes Theological Medicine
 

1797
Joaquín Millás publishes in Argentina the book Instituiciones psicológicas

1800
1802
Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis  publishes Traité du Physique et du
 Moral de l'Homme

Thomas Young publishes A Theory of Color Vision  in which he
postulate that the retina is equipped with three kinds of color-sensitive
points
 

1805
Franz Joseph Gall and Johann Kaspar Spurzheim left Vienna motivated by
the Austrian government's displeasure with Gall's doctrine
 

1809
Gall and Spurzheim publish a book on descriptive anatomy of brain,
Recherches sur le Systèm Nerveux
 

1810

1810
Gall publishes the first volume of Anatomie et Physionomie du Systèm
Nerveux
 

1811
Sir Charles Bell reports to associates at a dinner party the anatomical
separation of sensory and motor function of spinal cord
 

1813
Francisco de Mello Franco publishes Elements of  Hygiene or Theoretical
and Practical Precepts  to Conserve Health and to Prolong Life
 

1815
J. K. Surzheim publishes The Phisiognonimal System of Drs.Gall and
Spurzheim
 

1816
Johann Friedrich Herbart publishes Lehrbuch zur Psychologie
 

1817
Ernst Weber was appointed Dozent in physiology at the University
of Leipzig
 

1818
Spurzheim publishes Observations sur la phrénologie, ou la
Naissance de l'Homme
 
 

1820

1820
German philosopher Friedrich Eduard Beneke publishes On the
Relationship between the Soul and the Body
 

1821
Rudolphi Burdach defines the task of physiology as including the
study of psychological matter
 

1822
Phrenological doctrines was available in America when George Combe
publishes Essays on Phrenology, Or An Inquiry into the Principles and
Utility of the Systemof Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, and into the objections
Made Against It.

Francis Magendie publishes an article which postulates the separation of
sensory and motor function of the spinal cord

Baron Cuvier  postulates the use of the term  l'intelligence , rather than
reason, in the context of discussion about intelligent behavior of animals
 
 

1830

1832
Johann Kaspar Spurzheim suggests 35 special faculties of   the mind
 

1834
Johannes Müller publishes Handbüch des Physiologie des Menschen
 

1836
Manuel Inácio de Figueiredo defends in Rio of Janeiro the thesis
Passions and Affections of the Soul
 

1838
Johannes Müller publishes Elements of Physiology
 
 

1840

1840
Friedrich August Rauch publishes in America the book Psychology, or
A View of the Human Soul;  including Anthropology
 

1842
Samuel Schmuker publishes in America the book Psychology: Elements
of a New System  of mental Philosophy or The Basis of Consciousness
and Common Sense
 

1843
José Augusto Cesar de Menezes defends in Rio de Janeiro the thesis
Propositions regarding the Intelligence

John Stuart Mill publishes A system of Logic
 

1848
The french neurologist Jean-Baptiste Bouillard offered 500 francs to
anyone who could show him a brain from an individual who had suffered
from speech disturbance and did not have damage to the left frontal lobe
 
 

1850

1851
Francisco Tavares da Cunha defends in Salvador the thesis Psychophysiology
concerning the Man

Manuel Ancizar publishes Lecciones de Psicología , the first psychological
book published in Colombia

1852
Sir Henry Holland publishes Chapters on Mental Physiology
 

1853
The first program in mental  health, The Casa de Orates is established in Chile
 

1855
Herbert Spencer publishes the two volumes of the Principles of Psychology

Alexander Bain publishes the first psychological textbook: The senses and the intellect
 

1856
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz publishes the first volume of
the Handbuch der physiologischen Optik
 

1858
Wilhelm Wundt becomes assistant of Hermann von Helmholtz
 

1859
Charles Darwin publishes The origin of the species

Alexander Bain publishes The Emotions and the Will


1860
1860
Gustav Fechner publishes The Elements of Psychophysics

Thomas Laycock publishes Mind and Brain


1861
Paul Broca shows that the loss of speech in one individual is due to a
 lesion in third convolution of the left frontal lobe
 

1862
Wundt teaches a summer course entitled Psychology as a Natural Science
 

1863
Wundt publishes Lectures on  Human and Animal Psychology

I. M. Sechenov publishes a monograph Reflexes of the Brain , in which
he attempted to analyze the higher order functions in terms of the reflex
schema


1865
F. Galton  publishes Hereditary talent and character


1864
Ernesto Carneiro Ribeiro defends in Salvador the thesis Relationship of the 
Medicine with the Philosophical Sciences: Legitimacy of Psychology
 

1867
Henry Maudsley publishes Physiology and Pathology of the Mind

Theodor Piderit, a critic of phrenology, publishes Scientific System of
Mimics and Physiognomy
 

1868
Dutch  physiologist F. C. Donders publishes Over den snelheid van
psychische processen
 

1869
Francis Galton publishes Hereditary Genius

Francis Galton uses the normal distribution for purposes of classification
 
 

1870

1870
G. Fritsch and E. Hitzig realize the first direct electric stimulation
of the brain
 

1871
Charles Darwin publishes The descent of man
 

1872
French neurologist Jean Marie Charcot begins to teach in La Salpêtrière

Charles Darwin publishes The Expression of the Emotions in the Man and
in the Animals
 

1873
Wundt publishes Principles of Physiological Psychology
 

1874
Franz Brentano publishes Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint

Wundt left Heidelberg for a position at the University of Zurich

William Benjamin Carpenter publishes Principles of Mental Physiology, a
book which was extensively cited by William James
 

1875
William James taught the course The relationships among the Physiology
and the Psychology

Francis Galton publishes History  of twins

Wundt leaves Zurich and goes to University of Leipzig
 

1876
Guedes Cabral defends in Rio de Janeiro the thesis Functions of the Brain

Francis Galton uses the method of twin comparisons

Alexander Bain establishes Mind, the first journal devoted to psychological
research

Théodule Ribot establishes the Revue Philosophique in which psychological
work frequently appears
 

1877
Charles Darwin publishes A biographical sketch of a infant
 

1879
Wilhelm Wundt establishes the first psychological laboratory at the University
of Leipzig in Germany

Francis Galton utilizes the method of word association

Lightner Witmer uses for the first time the term clinical psychology


1880

F. Galton publishes Statistics of mental imagery

Francis Galton makes systematic use of questionaries

1881
Max Friedrich becomes the recipient of first doctoral degree in
experimental psychology

1882
George Romanes develops his anedoctal method in the book
Animal Inteligence

William T. Preyer publishes the first volume of The Mind of the Children
 

1883
Francis Galton publishes Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its
Development

The first laboratory of psychology in America is established at Johns
Hopkins University

University authorities gave Wundt's Leipzig laboratory  formal
recognition

Wilhelm Wundt establishes Philosophische Studien to publish the
results of his laboratory research
 

1884
William James publishes What  is an emotion ?

John Dewey publishes The new psychology

French doctor Hipollyte Bernheim publishes On the Suggestion in the  
hypnotic state
 

1885
Herman Ebbinghaus publishes Memory: A contribution to experimental
Psychology

The first laboratory of psychology in Italy is established  at the
University of Rome

Francis Galton introduces tests batteries to arrive at a manysided assessment
of abilities for a given person
 

1886
James McKeen Cattell publishes The time taken up by cerebral operations

Ernst Mach publishes The Analysis of Sensations

V. Betcherev founds the first laboratory of psychology in Russian territory

Victor Horsley described early successful surgery for epilepsy to the Section
on Surgery of the British Medical Association
 

1887
The  Journal of American Psychology publishes the article "Dermal Sensitiveness
to Gradual Presure Changes" written by Hall and the pioneer of psychology in
Japan, Yuzero Motora
 

1888
J. McKeen Cattell becomes America's first professor of psychology at the
University of Pennsylvania

Yuzero Motora earns the first PhD degree in japanese with the thesis
"Exchange: Considered as the Principles of Social Life"
 

1889
The first laboratory of psychology in Canada is established at the University
of Toronto

First International Congress of Psychology

The first laboratory of psychology in France is established at the Sorbonne

Theodule Ribot is appointed Professor of Experimental Psychology at
the College of France

First Chinese translation of a western psychology book, Mental Philosophy ,
of Joseph Raven, by Yan Yougjing

 

1890

1890
José Estelita Rodrigues inaugurates research about cognition with the
 work Psychology of thePerception and Representations

Veríssimo Dias de Castro publishes On Emotions

Benjamim Constant Reform introduces the notions of psychology in the
curricula of the Normal Schools

William James publishes Principles of Psychology

J. M. Cattell publishes Mental tests and measurements.

Christian von Ehrenfels publishes About the qualities of the gestalt

Pierre Janet succeeds Charcot as head of the Psychological Laboratory
at the Salpètriere

Gabriel Tarde publishes The Laws of imitation

Yuzero Motora  becomes Professor of Psychology at The Imperial
University of Tokio


1891
Odilon Goulart writes Psychoclinical studies of Aphasia

James M. Cattell moves to Columbia University as Professor of Psychology
and administrative head of the department

The first laboratory of psychology in Belgium is established in Louvain


1892
William James writes The stream of consciousness

The American Psychological Association is founded, having 42 members

Edward Titchener introduces structuralism in America.

Christine Ladd Franklin completes the doctoral program in psychology, no
degree granted due to prohibition against womem

J. M. Baldwin publishes The psychological laboratory in the University
of Toronto
 

1893
Ezequiel Cháves was named the first professor of psychology in Mexico

Oswald Külpe publishes Outline of Psychology

The first laboratory of psychology in Holland is established in Gronigen

The Laboratory of Experimental Psychology is established at the University
of Iassy, Romania
 

1894
Alberto Seabra publishes the first brazilian psychological study about
memory: The Memory and the Personality

John Dewey publica  The ego as cause

Cattell and Baldwin found Psychological Review, Psychological Index and
Psychological Monographs

Margaret Floy Washburn becomes the first woman to receive a PhD in
psychology

The first laboratory of psychology in Austria is established at the
University of Graaz

Philippe Tessié publishes an article in which he discusses the psychological
and physiological aspects of bicycle racing

C. Lloyd Morgan develops his famous canon in the book Introduction to
Comparative Psychology
 

1895
Mary Whiton Calkins receives a doctoral degree in psychology

J. M. Baldwin publishes Types of reaction

Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud publish Studies on Hystery

Gustave Le Bon publishes Psychologie de Foules

1896
John Dewey publishes in the Psychological Review his famous article 
The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology
 

Lightner Witmer establishes at the University of Pennsylvania a clinic of
psychology, the first psychological clinic in America and perhaps in
the world

Benjamin Bourdon establishes the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology
and Linguistics at the University of Rennes

1897
Julio Afrânio Peixoto publishes Epilepsy and Crime

Norman Tripllet publishes The dynamogenic factors in pacemaking
and competition.

William Wundt publishes Outlines of Psychology

Laboratories of psychology are established at the Universities of Cambridge
and of London

The first laboratory of psychology in Poland is established at the University
 of Cracow

Angelo Mosso publishes the book Physiology of Man in the Alps , in which he
studies the psychological and physiological effects of mountain climb
 

1898
Franco da Rocha establishes new services at the Central Asylum of Juqueri

Edward Titchener publishes The postulates of a Structural Psychology

E. L. Thorndike publishes Animal Inteligence

Baldin, Cattel & Jastrow publish Physical and mental tests.

Horacio Pinero establishes a psychology laboratory in Buenos Aires

Norman Triplett conducts at the Indiana University  the first experiment in
sport psychology

Emile Durkheim publishes Représentations individuelles et représentations
collectives
 

1899
H. S. Jennings publishes The Psychology of a Protozoan , later The Behavior
of Paramecium

Helen Bradford Thompson receives a doctoral degree in psychology

W. Caldwell publishes The postulates of a structural psychology

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