Psicopedia

Le pagine sono ispirate al lavoro di Marcos Emanoel Pereira (Un. Federal da Bahia, Brazil) ma sono arricchite via via da diversi contributi

Per facilitare la lettura , la Cronologia è divisa in 4 parti:
Dal 600 a.C. al 1594 | dal 1600 al 1899 | dal 1900 al 1949 | dal 1950 al 2000

Le date e gli autori sorprendenti sono segnati dal fondo bianco | i links - non sempre funzionanti - rimandano ad approfondimenti

Dal 1600 a.C. to 1899
1605	Francis Bacon publishes The Proficiency and Advancement of Learning
1616	English physiologist William Harvey explains the blood's circulation
1624	Pierre Gassendi publishes Paradoxes Against the Aristotelian
1632	Galilei Galileo publishes Dialogue on the Two Great Systems of the World
1635	E. Neuhaus, a student of Cassman, publishes a book that summarizes the reason for studying psychology
1637	French philosopher Renê Descartes publishes Discourse on Method
1649	René Descartes postulates the total separation of body and soul in the book Passions of the Soul
1651	Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan
1677	Benedict de Spinoza dies
1690	English philosopher John Locke publishes An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
1692	Christian Thomasius publishes in Germany the book Further Elucidation by Different Examples of the recent Proposals for a New Science for Discerning the Nature of Other Men’s Mind
1709	George Berkeley publishes An Essay Toward a New Theory of Vision
1732	Christian von Wolff publishes a treatise of empirical psychology
1734	Christian von Wolff publishes a treatise of rational psychology
1745	Julien Offray de La Mettrie publishes The Natural History of the Soul
1748	David Hume publishes An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding / Julien Offray de La Mettrie publishes L'Homme Machine
1751	*Robert Whytt, in the book, On the Vital and Other Involuntary Motions of Animals* summarizes the physiology of reflex**
1752	Mathias Ayres Ramos da Silva de Eça publishes Reflections on the the men's vanity or Moral speeches on the effects of the vanity
1754	E. Condillac, in his Treatise on Sensation, maintained that sensations are the only source of knowledge /The Swiss scientist and philosopher Charles Bonnet publishes Essay about Psychology
1764	After publishing Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense, Thomas Reid accepted the Chair of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow
1765	Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz publishes New Essays on the Human Understanding
1768	The Scottish physiologist Robert Whytt uses the expression motion from a stimulus
1771	Johann August Unzer uses the term reflex to distinguish this kind of action from that carried out volitionally
1774	Franz Mesmer performed his first supposed cure using "animal magnetism"
1775	The Swiss minister Johann Caspar Lavater publishes Essays on the Physiognomony Designated to promote the knowledge and Love of Mankind
1777	*A Scottish physician, William Cullen, publishes First Line in the practice of Physic* in which he uses the term neurosis to define mental illness**
1782	German philosopher Immanuel Kant publishes The Critic of the Pure Reason
1785	Thomas Reid publishes Essay in the Intellectual Powers of Man /Johann Jakob Emgel distinguishes the expressive and representational behavior of the actor in the book Ideas for a Mimic
1786	Established in Ecuador the Hospital San Lazaro / Luigi Galvani reports the results of experiments on the stimulation of themuscles of the frog by application of an electric pulse
1788	Thomas Reid publishes Essay on the Active Powers of the Human Mind
1789	Thomas Malthus publishes Essays on the progress of the population Jerome Bentham publishes Principles of Morals and Legislation
1790	Erasmus Darwin produces a theory of human behavior and experience in terms of three fundamental categories: stimulation, muscular contraction and a central sensory power
1794	French philosopher Denis Diderot publishes Essays on the Progress of the Human Spirit / Francisco de Mello Franco publishes Theological Medicine
1797	Joaquín Millás publishes in Argentina the book Instituiciones psicológicas
1802	Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis publishes Traité du Physique et du Moral de l'Homme /Thomas Young publishes A Theory of Color Vision in which he postulate that the retina is equipped with three kinds of color-sensitive points
1805	Franz Joseph Gall and Johann Kaspar Spurzheim left Vienna motivated by the Austrian government's displeasure with Gall's doctrine
1809	Gall and Spurzheim publish a book on descriptive anatomy of brain, Recherches sur le Systèm Nerveux
1810	Gall publishes the first volume of Anatomie et Physionomie du Systèm Nerveux
1811	Sir Charles Bell reports to associates at a dinner party the anatomical separation of sensory and motor function of spinal cord
1813	Francisco de Mello Franco publishes Elements of Hygiene or Theoretical and Practical Precepts to Conserve Health and to Prolong Life
1815	J. K. Surzheim publishes The Phisiognonimal System of Drs.Gall and Spurzheim
1816	Johann Friedrich Herbart publishes Lehrbuch zur Psychologie
1817	Ernst Weber was appointed Dozent in physiology at the University of Leipzig
1818	Spurzheim publishes Observations sur la phrénologie, ou la Naissance de l'Homme
1820	German philosopher Friedrich Eduard Beneke publishes On the Relationship between the Soul and the Body
1821	Rudolphi Burdach defines the task of physiology as including the study of psychological matter
1822	Phrenological doctrines was available in America when George Combe publishes Essays on Phrenology, Or An Inquiry into the Principles and Utility of the Systemof Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, and into the objections Made Against It / Francis Magendie publishes an article which postulates the separation of sensory and motor function of the spinal cord / Baron Cuvier postulates the use of the term l'intelligence , rather than reason, in the context of discussion about intelligent behavior of animals
1832	Johann Kaspar Spurzheim suggests 35 special faculties of the mind
1834	Johannes Müller publishes Handbüch des Physiologie des Menschen
1836	Manuel Inácio de Figueiredo defends in Rio of Janeiro the thesis Passions and Affections of the Soul
1838	Johannes Müller publishes Elements of Physiology
1840	Friedrich August Rauch publishes in America the book Psychology, or A View of the Human Soul; including Anthropology
1842	Samuel Schmuker publishes in America the book Psychology: Elementsof a New System of mental Philosophy or The Basis of Consciousnessand Common Sense
1843	José Augusto Cesar de Menezes defends in Rio de Janeiro the thesis Propositions regarding the Intelligence / John Stuart Mill publishes A system of Logic
1848	The french neurologist Jean-Baptiste Bouillard offered 500 francs to anyone who could show him a brain from an individual who had suffered from speech disturbance and did not have damage to the left frontal lobe
1851	Francisco Tavares da Cunha defends in Salvador the thesis Psychophysiology concerning the Man / Manuel Ancizar publishes Lecciones de Psicología , the first psychologicalbook published in Colombia
1852	Sir Henry Holland publishes Chapters on Mental Physiology
1853	The first program in mental health, The Casa de Orates is established in Chile
1855	Herbert Spencer publishes the two volumes of the Principles of Psychology / Alexander Bain publishes the first psychological textbook: The senses and the intellect
1856	Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz publishes the first volume ofthe Handbuch der physiologischen Optik
1858	Wilhelm Wundt becomes assistant of Hermann von Helmholtz
1859	Charles Darwin publishes The origin of the species / Alexander Bain publishes The Emotions and the Will
1860	*Gustav Fechner publishes The Elements of Psychophysics* /Thomas Laycock publishes Mind and Brain**
1861	Paul Broca shows that the loss of speech in one individual is due to a lesion in third convolution of the left frontal lobe
1862	Wundt teaches a summer course entitled Psychology as a Natural Science
1863	*Wundt publishes Lectures on Human and Animal* Psychology /I. M. Sechenov publishes a monograph Reflexes of the Brain , in which he attempted to analyze the higher order functions in terms of the reflex schema**
1865	F. Galton publishes Hereditary talent and character
1864	Ernesto Carneiro Ribeiro defends in Salvador the thesis Relationship of the Medicine with the Philosophical Sciences: Legitimacy of Psychology
1867	Henry Maudsley publishes Physiology and Pathology of the Mind / Theodor Piderit, a critic of phrenology, publishes Scientific System of Mimics and Physiognomy
1868	Dutch physiologist F. C. Donders publishes Over den snelheid van psychische processen
1869	*Francis Galton publishes Hereditary Genius* ; Francis Galton uses the normal distribution for purposes of classification**
1870	G. Fritsch and E. Hitzig realize the first direct electric stimulation of the brain
1871	Charles Darwin publishes The descent of man
1872	French neurologist Jean Marie Charcot begins to teach in La Salpêtrière / Charles Darwin publishes The Expression of the Emotions in the Man and in the Animals
1873	Wundt publishes Principles of Physiological Psychology
1874	Franz Brentano publishes Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint / Wundt left Heidelberg for a position at the University of Zurich / William Benjamin Carpenter publishes Principles of Mental Physiology, a book which was extensively cited by William James
1875	William James taught the course The relationships among the Physiology and the Psychology / Francis Galton publishes History of twins / Wundt leaves Zurich and goes to University of Leipzig
1876	Guedes Cabral defends in Rio de Janeiro the thesis Functions of the Brain / Francis Galton uses the method of twin comparisons /Alexander Bain establishes Mind, the first journal devoted to psychological research / Théodule Ribot establishes the Revue Philosophique in which psychological work frequently appears
1877	Charles Darwin publishes A biographical sketch of a infant
1879	Wilhelm Wundt establishes the first psychological laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany / Francis Galton utilizes the method of word association / Lightner Witmer uses for the first time the term clinical psychology
1880	*F. Galton publishes Statistics of mental imagery* ; Francis Galton makes systematic use of questionaries**
1881	Max Friedrich becomes the recipient of first doctoral degree in experimental psychology
1882	George Romanes develops his anedoctal method in the book Animal Inteligence / William T. Preyer publishes the first volume of The Mind of the Children
1883	Francis Galton publishes Inquiries into Human Faculty and ItsDevelopment / The first laboratory of psychology in America is established at Johns Hopkins University / University authorities gave Wundt's Leipzig laboratory formal recognition / *Wilhelm Wundt establishes Philosophische Studien* to publish the results of his laboratory research**
1884	William James publishes What is an emotion ? / John Dewey publishes The new psychology / French doctor Hipollyte Bernheim publishes On the Suggestion in the hypnotic state
1885	Herman Ebbinghaus publishes Memory: A contribution to experimental Psychology / The first laboratory of psychology in Italy is established at the University of Rome / Francis Galton introduces tests batteries to arrive at a manysided assessment of abilities for a given person
1886	James McKeen Cattell publishes The time taken up by cerebral operations / Ernst Mach publishes The Analysis of Sensations / V. Betcherev founds the first laboratory of psychology in Russian territory / Victor Horsley described early successful surgery for epilepsy to the Section on Surgery of the British Medical Association
1887	The Journal of American Psychology publishes the article "Dermal Sensitiveness to Gradual Presure Changes" written by Hall and the pioneer of psychology in Japan, Yuzero Motora
1888	J. McKeen Cattell becomes America's first professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania / Yuzero Motora earns the first PhD degree in japanese with the thesis "Exchange: Considered as the Principles of Social Life"
1889	The first laboratory of psychology in Canada is established at the Universityof Toronto /First International Congress of Psychology/ The first laboratory of psychology in France is established at the Sorbonne /*Theodule Ribot is appointed Professor of Experimental Psychology at the College of France* /*First Chinese translation of a western psychology book, Mental Philosophy* , of Joseph Raven, by Yan Yougjing
1890	José Estelita Rodrigues inaugurates research about cognition with the work Psychology of thePerception and Representations / Veríssimo Dias de Castro publishes On Emotions / Benjamim Constant Reform introduces the notions of psychology in the curricula of the Normal Schools / William James publishes Principles of Psychology / J. M. Cattell publishes Mental tests and measurements / Christian von Ehrenfels publishes About the qualities of the gestalt / Pierre Janet succeeds Charcot as head of the Psychological Laboratory at the Salpètriere / Gabriel Tarde publishes The Laws of imitation /Yuzero Motora becomes Professor of Psychology at The Imperial University of Tokio
1891	Odilon Goulart writes Psychoclinical studies of Aphasia / James M. Cattell moves to Columbia University as Professor of Psychology and administrative head of the department / The first laboratory of psychology in Belgium is established in Louvain
1892	William James writes The stream of consciousness / The American Psychological Association is founded, having 42 members / Edward Titchener introduces structuralism in America / Christine Ladd Franklin completes the doctoral program in psychology, no degree granted due to prohibition against womem /J. M. Baldwin publishes The psychological laboratory in the University of Toronto
1893	*Ezequiel Cháves was named the first professor of psychology in Mexico / Oswald Külpe publishes Outline of Psychology* / The first laboratory of psychology in Holland is established in Gronigen /The Laboratory of Experimental Psychology is established at the University of Iassy, Romania**
1894	Alberto Seabra publishes the first brazilian psychological study about memory: The Memory and the Personality / John Dewey publica The ego as cause / Cattell and Baldwin found Psychological Review, Psychological Index and Psychological Monographs / Margaret Floy Washburn becomes the first woman to receive a PhD in psychology / The first laboratory of psychology in Austria is established at the University of Graaz / Philippe Tessié publishes an article in which he discusses the psychological and physiological aspects of bicycle racing / C. Lloyd Morgan develops his famous canon in the book Introduction to Comparative Psychology
1895	Mary Whiton Calkins receives a doctoral degree in psychology / J. M. Baldwin publishes Types of reaction / Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud publish Studies on Hystery / Gustave Le Bon publishes Psychologie de Foules /
1896	John Dewey publishes in the Psychological Review his famous article The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology /Lightner Witmer establishes at the University of Pennsylvania a clinic of psychology, the first psychological clinic in America and perhaps inthe world / Benjamin Bourdon establishes the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Linguistics at the University of Rennes
1897	Julio Afrânio Peixoto publishes Epilepsy and Crime / Norman Tripllet publishes The dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition. / William Wundt publishes Outlines of Psychology /Laboratories of psychology are established at the Universities of Cambridge and of London / The first laboratory of psychology in Poland is established at the University of Cracow / Angelo Mosso publishes the book Physiology of Man in the Alps , in which he studies the psychological and physiological effects of mountain climb
1898	Franco da Rocha establishes new services at the Central Asylum of Juqueri / Edward Titchener publishes The postulates of a Structural Psychology / E. L. Thorndike publishes Animal Inteligence / Baldin, Cattel & Jastrow publish Physical and mental tests / Horacio Pinero establishes a psychology laboratory in Buenos Aires /Norman Triplett conducts at the Indiana University the first experiment in sport psychology / Emile Durkheim publishes Représentations individuelles et représentations collectives
1899	H. S. Jennings publishes The Psychology of a Protozoan , later The Behavior of Paramecium / Helen Bradford Thompson receives a doctoral degree in psychology / W. Caldwell publishes The postulates of a structural psychology
Dal 600 a.C. al 1594 \| dal 1600 al 1899 \| dal 1900 al 1949 \| dal 1950 al 2000